ALB and malnutrition: Recently, indices for malnutrition have been introduced for prognosis and estimation in various medical conditions Nutritional and immune-inflammatory markers include the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), CRP-Albumin-Lymphocyte Ratio (CALLY), and Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio (FAR) have also been studied [8,9,10,11,12,13].