MTOR and endometrial cancer: For example, p53 depletion can enhance cell proliferation and survival, disrupt apoptosis and increase genomic instability by altering the expression of REDD1, an mTOR suppressor.438 In breast and endometrial cancers, alterations in PTEN expression increase the sensitivity of cells to mTOR inhibitors.439 Mutations in TSC1/2 identified in renal, liver, bladder, pancreatic and urothelial cancers are associated with tumorigenesis.440,441