Among these GATOR1 variants, most are loss-of-function mutations, suggesting that GATOR1 genes, especially DEPDC5, should be prioritized in clinical genetic screening for focal epilepsy patients.473 Clinical studies have also identified loss-of-function mutations in GATOR1 components, especially DEPDC5 and NPRL3, in FCD type IIa. Here, DEPDC5 is linked to isolated focal cortical dysplasia type IIa.