The following risk factors for postoperative bile leakage are widely accepted: preoperative risk factors—anaemia, liver cirrhosis, mechanical jaundice, chemotherapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies (bevacizumab), positive bacterial culture (bile swab), and reoperations (for reasons other than bile leakage); and intraoperative and surgical risk factors—major or complex hepatic resections including mesohepatectomies, vascular resections or reconstructions, re-resections, and central bile duct resections. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is anemia (phenotype).