CCR2+ monocytes preferentially differentiate into CD11b+CD11c+F4/80+CD103− macrophages (MP1) after they are recruited to the sites of infection, where MP1-derived IL-1β and IL-23 facilitate IL-22 production by intestinal ILC3s to prevent C. rodentium infection and infectious colitis in both human and mice [57,58]. Here, IL22 is linked to infection.