TNF and osteoporosis: The search strategy combined core terms using Boolean operators: ("osteoporosis" OR "bone mineral density" OR "BMD" OR "postmenopausal bone loss") AND ("periodontal disease*" OR "periodontitis" OR "gingivitis" OR "alveolar bone loss" OR "attachment loss"), supplemented by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)/Emtree terms such as "Osteoporosis," "Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal," "Bone Density," "Periodontitis," and "Alveolar Bone Loss." Additional keywords targeting mechanistic overlap included "RANKL," "osteoprotegerin," "OPG," "IL-6," "TNF-alpha," and "inflammation."