Consistent with this mechanism, recent clinical observations have described worsening or recalcitrant HPV-driven warts after initiation of JAK inhibition, including with upadacitinib [11], supporting the possibility that systemic JAK1 inhibition compromises antiviral cellular immunity and facilitates persistence or progression of condyloma acuminatum. This evidence concerns the gene JAK1 and anogenital human papillomavirus infection.