Since LDL is referred to as “bad cholesterol” and raises the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular illnesses, elevated LDL levels in T1DM are concerning.[28] This discrepancy may be explained by the way that long-term diabetes affects lipid metabolism and by how insulin therapy works, as T1DM and T2DM may have differing effects on LDL levels.[29] Given the elevated LDL levels in patients with T1DM, more aggressive lipid-lowering therapies may be required to reduce cardiovascular risk.[30]. Here, INS is linked to atherosclerosis.