INS and Insulin resistance: This has catalyzed the development of novel, non-insulin-based surrogate markers leveraging routinely available laboratory and anthropometric data, including metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), and Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) [1,2,3,4,5,6].