DDIT3 and cancer: Prior research indicates that medicarpin promotes apoptosis and enhances tumour cell sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity via the ROS-JNK-CHOP pathway in leukaemia [16], activates the PI3K/AKT/FoxO pathway to safeguard endothelial cells under stress [14], and inhibits cancer cell proliferation through MAPK suppression [9].