These findings are consistent with Kim M-H et al. (2014), who reported that metformin—a widely used T2DM medication—enhances GLP-1 secretion by promoting β-catenin nuclear translocation and transcription of the Wnt-responsive gene glu (a GLP-1 precursor), mediated through activation of the insulin signaling pathway and subsequent inhibition of GSK3β in NCI-H716 cells and db/db mice [23]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.