TWIST1 and endothelial dysfunction: The expression of the genes encoding EndoMT transcription factors (SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and ZEB1), which are generally upregulated at endothelial dysfunction, also showed ≥2-fold increase after PA-BSA treatment, in particular the TWIST1 (≈eight-fold increase) and SNAI1 genes (≈four-fold increase, Figure 5).