TLR4 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: For example, total flavonoids from the aerial parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum can prevent LPS-induced ALI in mice by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway [46]; flavonoids from the fiber roots of Sanyeqing alleviate ALI by inhibiting the NLRP3/ferroptosis pathway through a dual pathway [47]; flavonoids from Abutilon theophrasti leaves protect against LPS-induced ALI in mice through the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways [48]; and Physalin B improves the inflammatory response in mice with LPS-induced ALI by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 [49].