STAT3 and colitis: To place these therapeutic effects in context, we also performed a literature-based benchmark analysis comparing the effects of HCB-5300 and HCB-5400 on body weight, DAI, colon length, and histology with representative data reported for azathioprine, tofacitinib, TAK-875, and the STAT3 inhibitor TTI-101 in DSS-induced colitis models (Supplementary Table S1).