In [35,36,37,38,39,40], numerous genes, such as those for fibrillin-1 [35,36], gamma-glutamyl transferase [37], interleukin-33 [38], and interleukin-8 [39], as well as SP1 and NFkB [40], have been identified in the causal mechanism of biliary atresia. The gene discussed is SP1; the disease is biliary atresia.