PPP3CA and atherosclerosis: Interestingly, our study revealed that not only TGFβ but also several calcium or calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase-regulated genes, such as TRPV4, PPP3CA, and NFATC1, were highly expressed in ApSMCs, suggesting the importance of this pathway in mediating vascular calcification and atherosclerosis, which have been shown to mainly occur in arteries [28].