Another relevant study further supports the key role of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway in neuroprotection against MPTP-induced damage: it has been demonstrated that certain small synthetic activators of this pathway reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration in murine models of PD by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing oxidative stress [49]. The gene discussed is KEAP1; the disease is Parkinson disease.