SOD1 and Alzheimer disease: Pathological protein aggregates, such as α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease (PD), β-amyloid and tau in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and misfolded superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have been found to further exacerbate mitochondrial stress and bioenergetic failure, creating a self-reinforcing cycle of neuronal injury [3].