AKT1 and ischemia: Modern organic donors, such as S-memantine and MTC, reduce Ca2+ excitotoxicity and GSH deficiency in ischemia [70], activate SOD, CAT, GPx, PI3K/AKT, and MEK-ERK, and inhibit apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and TREK-1 [71], demonstrating targeted mechanisms for neuronal regeneration [70,71].