TNF and Alzheimer disease: SPRC (ZYZ-802), by modulating CBS, reduces astrogliosis, Aβ deposition, and inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease via NF-κB/MAPK, inhibiting TNF-α [60], COX-2, and ERK1/2 [61], and enhancing microglial migration through CD24 and Src/Fak/Pyk2 [62], effects comparable to those in stroke and neuroinflammation [63].