Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of eight cytokines (IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, TGF-β1, TNF-α and IFN-γ) was performed in paired tumour tissues and corresponding negative surgical margins from 94 patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and squamous cell carcinoma of penis.