Consistent results were achieved for all 94 paired tumour–normal samples for TNF-α and IFN-γ, for 93 paired samples for TGF-β1 and IL-1α, for 90 paired samples for IL-1β and IL-12, and for 87 paired samples for IL-2 and IL-6 expression. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.