In PCOS, disruptions in gonadotropin signaling, most notably elevated pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, along with the reduced production of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) and abnormal gene expression of the two estrogen receptors ERα and Erβ, play a role in impairing normal folliculogenesis [2,3,4,5]. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.