INS and metabolic syndrome: Notably, in a recent single-blind randomized trial [67], the product was non-inferior to metformin (MTF) in obese adults with MetS and coexisting T2DM, while providing better lipid-lowering effects and tolerability; improvements in glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism appeared within 3 months, in line with the timing of first benefits reported in the present survey, and persisted up to 6 months, suggesting a sustained effect on intestinal absorption.