LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: A substantial body of evidence suggests that adolescents with short sleep duration have a higher incidence of obesity/overweight compared to those with recommended sleep [15,16], and insufficient sleep disrupts hormonal regulation, increasing the risk of obesity through mechanisms such as altered leptin and ghrelin levels and the expansions of two subcortical brain regions [15,17,18], and the incidence of obesity/overweight among Asians due to short sleep time showed significant results [19].