INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Therefore, the most magnificent way to address diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM) was discovered to be the reversible self-assembly of antidiabetic peptides into nanofibrillar architectures capable of delivering antidiabetic peptides depot through s.c. injection in patients and controlled release of the bioactive native free antidiabetic peptides in vivo to drive desired biological responsiveness of the body via biological cellular signaling pathways of glucagon and insulin in the liver (Figure 4).