SOD1 and infection: To test this, we measured the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in GmWRKY40-OE, GmWRKY40-RNAi and EV hairy roots at 0, 12, and 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) with P. sojae, which were chosen to represent the baseline, early, and mid-stage responses to infection.