TNF and acute myeloid leukemia: In our previous studies, which used the same in vitro model, we demonstrated that AML cells under HDC conditions increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-9, which also have anti-apoptotic effects [19], as well as activate interferon signaling pathways [22], which is associated with the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway [120,121].