First, gut-associated anaerobes consistently cluster with colorectal neoplasia: Streptococcus gallolyticus, Clostridium septicum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and pks+ Escherichia coli are all enriched at or within colorectal tumors and can adhere to or invade dysplastic epithelium while expressing virulence factors (e.g., colibactin, FadA adhesin, B. fragilis toxin) that induce DNA double-strand breaks, activate β-catenin/NF-κB/IL-17–STAT3 signaling, and drive epithelial proliferation and inflammation [14,17,18,47,48]. The gene discussed is ARAF; the disease is colorectal neoplasm.