CSF2 and melanoma: Among various platforms, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is particularly advanced; for instance, talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygic)—an oHSV encoding GM-CSF—has received U.S. FDA approval for melanoma, establishing clinical feasibility and an immune-stimulatory paradigm relevant to neuro-oncology [1,5].