As predictive factors including PD-L1 expression, tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, tumour mutational burden, heterogeneity in antigen expression, and markers of immunogenic cell death can inform both the eligibility as well as potential benefit from such a combined therapeutic approach, translational studies underline the relevance of biomarker-guided patient inclusion into this combinatorial treatment scenario. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.