The TME (tumour microenvironment) shows evidence of restored ECM structural controls through decorin upregulation which CAPE triggers because it blocks TGF-β activation of fibroblasts and decreases collagen accumulation and matrix stiffness [82].The desmoplastic stroma and elevated ECM stiffness in ovarian cancer create conditions that enable immune evasion and reduce drug delivery effectiveness which results in worse patient outcomes. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and ovarian cancer.