Since caspase-1 is central to inflammasome activation and pyroptosis [49] whereas caspase-3 mediates apoptotic pathways [50], the concurrent activation of these pathways suggests that both pyroptotic and apoptotic mechanisms contribute to renal injury in obesity, which ultimately exacerbates fibrosis and tissue remodeling. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.