Interestingly, there is no significant difference between serum vaspin concentrations of obese PCOS patients compared to non-obese PCOS ones, supporting the notion that vaspin primarily acts via insulin resistance, which may be similarly dysregulated in both PCOS and obesity [73,120], despite the fact that vaspin expression is elevated in the ovaries of obese individuals [123]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA12 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.