JNK is aberrantly activated in pancreatic cancer, and Chen et al. demonstrated that abnormal JNK pathway activation upregulates inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15), showing that C66’s targeted inhibition of JNK phosphorylation blocks the formation of this inflammatory microenvironment, suppressing tumour proliferation and migration in vitro [94]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and neoplasm.