Nonetheless, NCCN, ESMO and national societies (e.g., AIOM) explicitly acknowledge a role for alternative systemic strategies in selected scenarios, including EGFR inhibitors such as cetuximab and platinum-based chemotherapy, either as single agents or in combination regimens, particularly in patients with formal contraindications to immunotherapy (e.g., active autoimmune disease, uncontrolled interstitial lung disease), in those who progress on or shortly after PD-1 blockade, and in solid-organ transplant recipients where the risk of allograft rejection is deemed prohibitive [7,15]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to autoimmune disease.