TNF and neoplasm: Thus, we suggest that by neutralizing EMMPRIN, hMR18-mAb leads to reduced TGFβ levels and indirectly to the reduction in the secreted levels of TNFα and IGF1, suggesting that EMMPRIN is involved, either directly or indirectly [60], in the regulation of the complex cytokine network that is generated by the bidirectional interactions of co-cultured tumor cells and monocytes/macrophages.