Meanwhile, echocardiographic analysis also revealed that CpC treatment significantly blocked GDF6 overexpression-mediated protective effects against ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, and dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased FS and increased LVEDd, LVEDs, IVSd, and IVSs (Figure 5F–H). Here, GDF6 is linked to Ventricular hypertrophy.