In a phase I dose-escalation study of the anti–PD-L1 antibody BMS-936559 in patients with severe sepsis and lymphopenia, single-dose administration was well tolerated, without evidence of drug-induced hypercytokinemia or secondary “cytokine storm”; at the two highest doses, treatment increased monocyte human leukocyte antigen–DR (HLA-DR) expression and improved ex vivo T cell function, although the study was not powered to detect a survival benefit [105]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and Sepsis.