These studies assess therapeutic effects on MS by monitoring endpoints such as the number of new lesions on T2-weighted MRI, cognitive function, degree of brain atrophy, depressive symptoms, neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) score, and counts of regulatory T cells. Here, NEFL is linked to Brain atrophy.