Therefore, the focus of modern PD research has turned to all aspects of the disruption of presynaptic dopamine trafficking [9,10,11] and the role of alpha-synuclein in it, as well as two other proteins of the family—beta- and gamma-synuclein—which have been shown to be involved in neurotransmission in addition to alpha-synuclein [12]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.