UBE3D and age-related macular degeneration: Knockout of the essential ubiquitin protein ligase E3D (UBE3D) led to the progressive development of AMD-like pathology, including granular deposits and photoreceptor deterioration, by failing to properly modulate the metabolism of melanin, melanosomes, and lipofuscin through its interaction with the autophagy and lysosomal systems [79].