INS and COVID-19: The pathways of sugar and amino acid metabolism were significantly enriched, and the functional genes were ins, gck, and il4i1. For the comparison of the control group vs. Group 2, the up-regulated DEGs were enriched into 159 pathways, and 16 of them, such as Drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, Protein digestion and absorption, COVID-19, etc., were significantly enriched, and the genes ugt, nlrp3, mx1, col1a, and gst were found important in response to the experimental treatment (Figure S5a).