ENTPD1 and neoplasm: Exosomes carrying CD39/CD73 drive macrophage polarization to M2 via adenosine A2B receptor (A2BR), secreting angiogenic factors to promote tumor progression [102]; macrophage-derived exosomal miRNA-3679-5p inhibits neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-like (NEDD4L), enhancing c-Myc oncogenic signaling and fueling tumor growth and cisplatin resistance [103].