MTCO1P40 and gestational diabetes: Additionally, exercise intervention notably upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes, including GPX3 (glutathione peroxidase 3) and MTCO1P40. These gene expression alterations contribute to the restoration of redox balance in the placenta of GDM patients, thereby decreasing oxidative stress levels and ultimately providing protective effects on the health of both the mother and fetus.