For diagnostic evaluation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis integrating two public HB datasets (GSE132219 and GSE104766) demonstrated strong discriminatory ability in distinguishing HB from non-tumor liver tissues for individual markers (TRIB2 AUC = 0.958; TCF3 AUC = 0.735; NFE2L2 AUC = 0.891; Fig. 7H) and even higher performance for the combined TCF3-TRIB2-NFE2L2 signature (AUC = 0.970; Fig. 7I). This evidence concerns the gene TCF3 and hemoglobin measurement.