NCOA4 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: In the AP model in vitro, compared with AP group, treatment with Fer-1 (Fer-1 + AP) significantly reduced the expressions of H3K18la, NCOA4, and LC3 II/I, while upregulating FTH1 and GPX4 (Fig. 6A-D), restored the MMP and lowered ferrous iron and ROS levels (Fig. 6E-I).