PPARA and sarcopenia: The enrichment of the PPAR signalling pathway in this study suggests that dysregulation of this pathway may exacerbate sarcopenia through multiple mechanisms: insufficient activation of PPARα/δ suppresses fatty acid oxidation genes, causing lipid accumulation and impaired energy production, whereas excessive activation of PPARγ promotes adipocyte differentiation and intermuscular fat infiltration, contributing to muscle atrophy [40].