These findings are clinically relevant, as PTN is an independent prognostic marker for glioblastoma and PTN-PTPRZ1 promotes tumor growth [41, 42], while MIF drives immune evasion and tumor progression [43, 44]—suggesting these interactions may contribute to malignant progression in IDH-mutant astrocytoma. This evidence concerns the gene IDH1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).