INS and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: The analysis revealed co-enrichment in seven pathways: “Alzheimer’s disease,” “Huntington’s disease,” “Oxidative phosphorylation,” “Parkinson’s disease,” “Proteasome,” “Ribosome,” and “Insulin signaling pathway.” The insulin signaling pathway is a critical, versatile pathway with multiple anabolic functions beyond glucose homeostasis (50).