Similarly in fibrotic diseases like hepatic and renal fibrosis and within the tumor microenvironment (TME) macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts form complex communication networks through axes such as CSF1/CSF1R collectively driving fibrogenesis or supporting tumor growth angiogenesis immune evasion and metastasis (16, 22, 25). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1R and neoplasm.