A large-scale 2025 proteomic analysis involving over 53,000 participants from the UK Biobank found that plasma RKIP levels were inversely associated with obesity, but positively associated with hypertension, coronary atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and T2D without complications. Here, PEBP1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.