IGHE and asthma: The magnitude of the Tfh–Breg imbalance tracks clinical heterogeneity: early-onset atopic/T2-high asthma typically shows a stronger Tfh–IgE axis, whereas phenotypes with overlapping upper-airway disease may display persistent IgE outputs despite standard therapy, underscoring a need for strategies that rebalance Tfh/Breg rather than only suppress type-2 cytokines (36, 38–40).