Using this framework, one study nominated IL1R1(Interleukin 1 Receptor Type 1), ECM1(Extracellular Matrix Protein 1), and PDLIM4 (PDZ and LIM Domain Protein 4) as causal asthma targets, with additional signals implicating ECM1 in neuro-immune pathways (83). Here, ECM1 is linked to asthma.